Moth Pheromone Trapping System Components in Effective Management of Trans-Boundary Pests: Case Study of Fall Army Worm.
Keywords:
Invasive moths, pheromone blend, population variation, blend optimisation.Abstract
Moth pheromones are most commonly used in agri-horticultural pest monitoring and mass trapping systems globally. Their pheromone blend constituents and ratios might vary with intraspecies diversity associated with habitat-linked and/or geographical differences in populations. When moths migrate and invade new territories, there is an impending need to deploy trap-lure combinations which provide the most efficient trapping of the local target populations, so to more reliably map their distribution/invasion across wide areas, as well as effective tools for containing their local population build up and carry over to next season.
The complexity of the task of location-specific deployment of the appropriate pheromone blend composition/loading for moths could be best illustrated by case study of the Fall Armyworm- Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), which has migrated all the way from North America via Africa to Australasia in the last few years. This mini-review seeks to illustrate aspects critical to overall understanding of main factors besides updating on more recent research outcomes.
The various R&D thrusts needed are country-wise characterization of local variation in blend composition/ratios of pheromones emitted by native female populations, besides assessing the relative response to pheromone blend ratios/loadings in candidate/commercial pheromone lures, along with molecular taxonomic mapping of intra-species genetic diversity.
The scope for developing local blend testing kits as user-friendly decision support backup system to implement this strategy is also indicated.
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